Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is an advanced procedure used to identify genetic abnormalities in embryos created through In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). PGT offers prospective parents additional information about an embryo, potentially increasing the chances of successful pregnancy and healthy baby.
There are three main types of tests that can be performed to assess the genetic composition of an embryo:
1. PGT-A (Aneuploidy):
This test screens for chromosomal abnormalities, specifically determining if there are missing or extra chromosomes. It can screen for chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and other chromosomal disorders. Selection of an euploid (chromosomally normal) embryo for transfer after PGT-A may improve implantation rates and reduce miscarriage risks, especially for older mothers or those with multiple pregnancy losses.
2. PGT-M (Monogenic/Single Gene Defects):
For couples with known genetic disorders, PGT-M can identify embryos carrying specific gene mutations. It’s useful for conditions like cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, and sickle cell anemia. This test helps prevent the transmission of inherited diseases.
3. PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangements):
This test identifies embryos with chromosomal rearrangements and determines whether they are balanced or unbalanced. It’s beneficial for individuals known to carry chromosomal structural abnormalities, which can lead to infertility or recurrent miscarriages.
Additionally, emerging technologies are expanding PGT capabilities:
– Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) testing can assess an embryo’s genetic predisposition to certain complex disorders.
– Mitochondrial DNA testing may provide insights into an embryo’s implantation potential.
Who is a good candidate for PGT testing?
· Women over age 35
· Couples with inherited genetic disease or who are carriers of genetic disease
· Patients who have had two or more miscarriages due to chromosomal abnormalities
· Women diagnosed with unexplained infertility
It’s important to note that while PGT offers valuable information, it doesn’t guarantee a healthy pregnancy or baby. Ethical considerations and genetic counseling are crucial when deciding to pursue PGT. PGT empowers couples and individuals to make informed decisions about embryo selection, potentially improving IVF outcomes and reducing the risk of genetic disorders in their babies.
For more information about genetic testing, contact MCRM Fertility to discuss resources and the latest assisted reproductive techniques, or visit MCRMfertility.com. With perseverance and the right help, parenthood is possible! Make a consultation appointment today with an MCRM Fertility Specialist in St. Louis, MO or Tulsa, OK.